101332 - INSTRUMENTATION

Subject type: Mandatory

Coordinator: Julián Horrillo Tello

Trimester: Third term

Credits: 6

The subject of Instrumentation is part of the subject of Analog Electronic Systems, which is taught entirely in the 3rd year of the Degree. In this subject use is made of the different techniques of analysis and electronic design, both analog and digital introduced in the previous subjects of electronics of the degree (Analog Electronics I & II i Digital Electronics II mainly) in order to be able to acquire and process data on physico-chemical quantities, thus designing and understanding the principles of Data Acquisition Systems (DAQs).

This subject has methodological and digital resources to make possible its continuity in non-contact mode in the case of being necessary for reasons related to the Covid-19. In this way, the achievement of the same knowledge and skills that are specified in this teaching plan will be ensured. The Tecnocampus will make available to teachers and students the digital tools needed to carry out the course, as well as guides and recommendations that facilitate adaptation to the non-contact mode.

This subject contributes to the achievement of the following learning outcomes specified by the subject to which it belongs:

-RA1: Analyzes application circuits of operational, linear and nonlinear amplifiers. (CE24)

-RA2: Know the structure and operation of industrial sensors. (CE23)
-RA3: Be able to limit the errors of the measurements. (CE23)
-RA4: Know the instrument interconnection buses. (CE23, CE24)

At the end of the course the student must be able to:

• Analyze, predict and correct errors in the data acquisition process.
• Interpret and design the signal conditioning of the different types of generic sensors.
• Model the different structures of existing Data Acquisition Systems.
• Use relevant devices for the design and implementation of basic general purpose DAQs.

The course consists of 6 hours a week: 4 face-to-face theory in the classroom and 2 sessions scheduled for internships. Classroom work will be based on classes where the teacher will explain the concepts of theory, accompanied by multiple examples and problems following the Socratic heuristic method.

In the exercise resolution sessions, both individual and collective experimentation are proposed, working on both the approach and the final resolution of the same. The necessary tools will be given to be able to solve the set of these activities, although the student requires in an important set of occasions, to finish them outside the formally hours of class, being these the previously conceived within the frame of the hours of autonomous learning.

The activities of a practical nature will be carried out in the laboratory, understanding that the basic operation of the instruments that make up the generic bench is known.

This course, due to the situation generated by COVID, the theoretical sessions will be taught in online mode. With regard to the regulated practice sessions that require the student's presence in the laboratory, if applicable, work will be done simultaneously in several spaces in order to ensure that the conditions established by the safety protocols are met, establishing a dynamics of rotary assistance in the nominal laboratory (Laboratory # 1).

1 ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEMS.

1.1 Introduction and Parameters.

1.2 Errors in the Measurement Systems.

2 SENSORS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING.

2.1 Introduction.

2.2 Hall sensor.

2.3 Optoelectronic sensors.

2.4 Temperature Sensors.

2.5 Extensiometric Gauges.

3. SIGNAL CONDITIONING: Specific Circuits.

3.1 Wheatstone Bridge.

3.2 Instrumentation Amplifier.                                                                                            

4. DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS (DAQs).

4.1 Introduction to DAQs                                                          

4.1.1 Implementation and Parameters.

4.1.2 Sampling Theory.         

      4.2 Sample & Hold.

      4.3 ADCs (& DACs).                  

      4.4 Implementation of DAQs.                                                                       

ACTIVITY 1: PRACTICES (20%):

[Linked to the achievement of Competences CB2, CT2, CE23 (RA2, RA3) and CE24 (RA1, RA4)].

-PRACTICE 1: ULTRASOUND SENSOR (1 Session):

• An experiment is proposed to establish an ultrasonic loop from a pair of transmitter and receiver capsules in order to understand and internalize the concept of bandwidth of electronic devices in general and sensors in particular.

- PRACTICE 2: OPTOELECTRONIC SENSORS (2/3 Sessions):

• To know the mechanism of operation of the optoelectronic devices IRED, Photodiode and Phototransistor.
• Analyze the characteristics of the optoelectronic loop from the realization of several assemblies of real practical application.
• Familiarize yourself with the signal conditioning systems of OE devices.
• Check the operation of the Phototransistor in EC configuration.
• Check the effect of reverse polarization on the photodiode.
• Internalize the concept of Bandwidth of photoreceptor devices.

- PRACTICE 3: SPECIFIC SIGNAL CONDITIONING SYSTEMS (3 Sessions):

• Carrying out the conditioning of the corresponding signal by means of a Wheatstone Bridge and an Instrumentation Amplifier in its discrete and / or integrated modalities.

- PRACTICE 4: DAQ: DIGITAL SIGNAL ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING in MATLAB (3 Sessions):

• Acquisition, analysis and processing of audio signals using  the Matlab programming environment and the toolboxes of Data Acquisition Toolbox and Signal Processing Toolbox.

(): The final number of internship sessions will depend on the schedule and pace of the internship group.

It will be necessary to make a report in groups of each one of the practices, that will finish with an obligatory section of conclusions which will correspond to the 20% of the report.

ACTIVITY 2: PROBLEMS (10%):

[Linked to the achievement of Competences CB2, CE23 (RA2, RA3) and CE24 (RA1)].

Two collections of problems corresponding to Blocks 1 and 2 of the subject are made available to students, which form part of the learning and achievement base of the subject together with the class notes. The resolution of the same will do, a part of form no presencial and the rest, in specific sessions of resolution of problems in the sessions of theory and that will use to evaluate this activity. (This activity will be done with notes).

ACTIVITIES 3 and 4: PARTIAL EXAMS 1 AND 2 (35% + 35%):

[Linked to the achievement of Competences CB2, CE23 (RA2) and CE24 (RA1)].

There are two exams that each consist of solving four problems. The second partial exam will include explicitly, the contents of the 2nd part of the subject and implicitly, some of the 1st part of the same (and evaluated in the context of the first partial).

The first exam will be held during the course on a day set at the beginning of the course and the second will be held on the date scheduled by the director of studies after the end of the class period and within the stipulated period of exams.

In case of confinement the following changes will be applied:

1. Related to activity 1: Practice 2 will be subdivided into a previous theoretical part and a second part simulated with the Cadence environment. Practice 3 will also be performed in a simulated version using the same software.
2. Activities 3 and 4 corresponding to the scheduled partial exams of the subject, will be carried out online.

The final grade will be the weighted average of the grades of the assessable activities mentioned, as specified below:

PARTIAL EXAMINATION 1 (35%) + PARTIAL EXAM 2 (35%) + PRACTICES (20%) + PROBLEMS (10%)

It will be necessary to obtain a minimum mark of 3 in the two written tests, to be able to choose to apply the corresponding weighting.

If the average of the subject is less than 5, 20% of the qualification of practices and 10% of the qualification obtained in the component of problems will be maintained and a mechanism of recovery of the component of will be activated in parallel. theory, that will consist of the resolution of an Examination of Recovery of the global of the course and that will account for 70% of the total calculation of the same.

In case of passing the overall subject under this second assumption, the final grade of the subject will be limited to 5.

PALLÀS ARENY, R. Sensors and Signal Conditioners. 4ª Edition. 2005. ISBN 9788426713445.

ESPINOSA DURÓ, Virginia. Class notes, examples and collection of problems. ESUPT-Tecnocampus Internal Publication. 2020 edition.

PALLÀS ARENY, R. Acquisition and Distribution of Signals. 3rd Ed. Marcombo. 1993.

PÉREZ GARCIA, et al, Electronic Instrumentation. Ed. Thomson. Paraninfo. 2004. ISBN 84-9732-166-9.