28210 - PHYSIOPATHOLOGY II

Subject type: Basic

Coordinator: Carolina Chabrera Sanz

Trimester: First term

Credits: 6

• Catalan
• Spanish

At the beginning of academic training, it is essential for future health professionals to acquire generic but at the same time solid knowledge about the concept of illness. This involves the study of the potential causes that cause it, the mechanisms by which these etiologies act in a harmful way for the body and finally the disorders and symptoms they produce in the function and structure of organs and systems. It is precisely this last concept, which refers to pathophysiology, the final purpose of the subject before us.

These functional as well as structural alterations determine the clinical manifestations of the diseases and it is essential that students can link in a reasoned way the symptoms and signs of each disease with its pathophysiology.

In the subject of pathophysiology (I and II) the generic knowledge applicable to any of the systems and apparatuses of the human organism are introduced; such as the concept of health and disease, aging, injury and cell death, environmental pathology and inheritance, tumor pathology and microbiology. This basic knowledge is always applied through a syndromic perspective to the specific diseases of the different systems that include among others the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, genitourinary, nervous, sensory and osteoarticular system, hematology and metabolism and the endocrinology.

Plenary exhibition sessions (40-42 hours)

1. Pathology of the respiratory system (8 hours)

1.1. Introduction to the pathology of the respiratory system

1.1.1. Morphological and functional aspects

1.1.2. Physical examination of the respiratory system

1.1.3. Specific complementary tests for the study of the respiratory system

1.1.3.1. Fibrobronchoscopy and Respiratory Functional Tests

1.1.3.2. Pulse oximetry and arterial gasometry

1.2. Acute respiratory failure and hypoxia-induced disorders

1.3. Obstructive pulmonary disease

1.3.1. COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) and bronchiectasis.

1.3.2. Bronchial asthma

1.4. Respiratory allergies.

1.5. Infections of the lower respiratory tract

1.5.1. Flu

1.5.2. Acute tracheobronchitis

1.5.3. Pneumonia

1.5.4. Pulmonary tuberculosis

1.5.5. Pulmonary aspergillosis

1.5.6 SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

1.6. Interstitial and / or restrictive lung diseases

1.7. Other lung diseases: atelectasis and condensation

1.8. Pulmonary thromboembolism and pulmonary hypertension

1.9. Pleural and mediastinal disorders

1.9.1. Pleural reservoir

1.9.2. Pneumothorax

1.10. Respiratory system neoplasms

1.10.1. Bronchial neoplasm

1.10.2. Mesothelioma and other pleural neoplasms

2. Sensory Organ Disorders (2 hours)

2.1. Otorhinolaryngological pathology

2.1.1. External ear disorders

2.1.2. Disorders of the middle ear and Eustachian tube. Barotrauma.

2.1.3. Disorders of the inner ear and vestibular system

2.1.4. Nose disorders

2.1.5. Pharyngeal disorders

2.1.6. Laryngeal disorders

2.1.7. Otolaryngological neoplasms

2.1.8. Upper respiratory tract infections

2.1.8.1. Cold

2.1.8.2. Pharyngitis and tonsillitis

2.1.8.3. Sinusitis

2.2. Ophthalmic pathology

2.2.1. Pathology of the conjunctiva, cornea and uvea

2.2.2. Pathology of ocular pressure

2.2.3. Crystalline pathology

2.2.4. Pathology of the vitreous and retina

2.2.5. Optic nerve pathology

2.2.6. Eye movement pathology

2.2.7. Pathology of accessory structures

3. Pathology of the Nephrourinary System (8 hours)

3.1. Introduction to the pathology of the nephrourinary system

3.1.1. Morphological and functional aspects

3.1.2. Specific complementary examinations for the study of the nephrourinary system

3.1.2.1. Tests for the study of glomerular and tubular function

3.1.2.2. Analysis of urine characteristics

3.1.2.3. Renal biopsy

3.2. Hydroelectrolytic disorders

3.2.1. Acid-base balance: acidosis and alkalosis

3.2.2. Hydrosaline balance disorders: dehydration and hyperhydration

3.2.3. Disorders of sodium, chlorine and potassium

3.3. Acute and chronic renal failure

3.4. Glomerular pathology and nephrotic syndrome

3.5. Tubular-interstitial nephritis

3.6. Urinary tract disorders

3.6.1. Obstruction of urinary flow

3.6.1.1. Kidney stones

3.6.1.2. Hydronephrosis

3.7. Urinary tract infections

3.7.1. Asymptomatic bacteria

3.7.2. Cystitis

3.7.3. Prostatitis

3.7.4. Pyelonephritis

3.7.5. Renal abscess

3.7.6. Urinary tract infection associated with bladder catheterization

3.8. Renal and urinary neoplasms

4. Genital and reproductive pathology (3 hours)

4.1. Male genital tract

4.1.1. Pathology of the penis, scrotum and testicles

4.1.2. Prostate pathology

4.1.2.1. Prostatitis

4.1.2.2. Benign prostatic hyperplasia

4.1.2.3. Prostate carcinoma

4.1.3. Gynecomastia

4.2. Female genital tract

4.2.1. Inflammatory disorders of the vulva, vagina and cervix

4.2.2. Gynecological neoplasms: cervix, endometrium and ovary

4.2.3. Menstrual disorders

4.2.3.1. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

4.2.3.2. Endometriosis

4.2.4. Breast pathology

4.2.4.1. Breast fibrocystic changes

4.2.4.2. Breast tumors

5. Introduction to tumor pathology (1 hour)

5.1. Aging, cell death and apoptosis

5.2. Carcinogenesis

5.3. Antitumor defense

5.4. Manifestations of cancer

6. Hematopoietic and lymphatic system (6 hours)

6.1. Pathology of the immune system

6.1.1. Immunodeficiencies: primary and secondary

6.1.2. Immunology of transplants

6.2. Genetic disorders

6.2.1. Chromosomal disorders: numerical and structural alternations

6.2.2. Genetic mutations

6.2.3. Mendelian inheritance: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and sex-linked

6.2.4. Non-Mendelian inheritance: mitochondrial

6.2.5. Polygenic and multifactorial inheritance

6.2.6. Cytogenetic and molecular studies

6.3. Introduction to hematology

6.3.1. General concepts hematopoiesis

6.3.2. Laboratory parameters

6.3.3. Study of the bone marrow

6.4. Red blood cell disorders

6.4.1. Iron metabolism

6.4.2. Anemias

6.4.3. Polyglobulia and polycythemia

6.5. Pathology of leukocytes

6.5.1. Quantitative and functional disorders

6.5.2. Acute and chronic myeloproliferative syndromes

6.5.3. Lymphoproliferative syndromes

6.5.4. Monoclonal gammopathy

6.6. Pathology of hemostasis

6.6.1. Platelet pathology

6.6.2. Pathology of coagulation factors

6.6.3. Combined disorders of hemostasis

6.6.4. Disseminated intravascular coagulation

6.6.5. States of thrombophilia and hypercoagulability

7. Cardiovascular pathology (11 hours)

7.1. Introduction to the pathology of the circulatory system

7.1.1. Morphological and functional aspects

7.1.2. Physical examination of the circulatory system

7.1.3. Specific complementary tests for the study of the cardiovascular system: echocardiogram, echo-doppler and cardiac catheterization

7.2. Pericardial diseases

7.2.1. Acute pericarditis

7.2.2. Constrictive pericarditis

7.3. Cardiac pathology

7.3.1. Basic Electrocardiography and Heart Rhythm Disorders

7.3.2. Heart failure

7.3.3. Shock

7.3.4. Valvular heart diseases

7.3.5. Ischemic cardiopathy

7.3.6. Congenital heart diseases

7.3.7. Cardiomyopathies

7.3.8. Heart transplant

7.4. Vascular pathology

7.4.1. Arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular risk

7.4.2. Acute and chronic arterial insufficiency

7.4.3. Arterial aneurysms

7.4.4. Disorders of venous drainage

7.4.5. Lymphatic drainage disorders

7.4.6. Vasculitis and Raynaud's Phenomenon

7.4.7. Blood pressure disorders: hypertension and hypotension

8. Mental disorders (Teacher: (2 hours)

8.1. Personality disorders

8.2. Mood disorders: depression

8.3. Anxiety disorders

8.4. Disorders of thought and will: schizophrenia

8.5. Eating disorders

Seminars (11 hours)

It will be carried out in a split way, each seminar in two class groups, with half of the students enrolled in the subject in each group.

• Seminar 1. Practical electrocardiography by analyzing arrhythmias per monitor during the seminar
• Seminar 2. Interpretation of venous balances, hydroelectrolytic and water balances using practical clinical cases
• Seminar 3. Resolution of a syllabus of short questions, summary of Pathophysiology 2 with oral presentation in class.
• Seminar 4. Interpretation of respiratory functional tests and arterial gasometry
• Seminar 5. Review and resolution of clinical cases of hematology and oncology
• Seminar 6. Interactive session with analysis of the answers of the partial examination of the subject carried out by the whole class.

The assessment system for the skills and learning outcomes of this subject includes different assessment activities for Subject 1 - Anatomo-physiopathology:

A system of quantitative (from 0 to 10) and qualitative (suspended, approved, notable, excellent, honorary registration) is used according to RD 1125/2003.

The total or partial copy in any of the learning activities means a "Not Presented" in the subject, without option to present in the proof of recovery and without prejudice of the opening of a file for this reason.

According to UPF regulations, students who have the option of retrieving the subject are those who have obtained a “suspended” grade, which are the only ones that can be modified in the recovery process.

The evaluation system and recovery period are detailed in the Learning Plan available in the virtual classroom at the beginning of the subject.

F. Javier Laso. Introduction to clinical medicine. Pathophysiology and semiology, 4th edition. Editorial ELSEVIER Spain. Barcelona 2020.

Murray, PR, Rosenthal, KS & Pfaller, MA Medical Microbiology. 8th edition. Editorial Elsevier. Barcelona 2017.

J. Pastrana, G. Garcia de Casasola. Pathophysiology and basic general pathology for health sciences. Editorial Elsevier, 1st edition 2013.

V. Kumar. Robbins, Human Pathology, 8th edition. Editorial Elsevier. Barcelona 2008.

Carol M. Porth. Pathophysiology. Health-illness: a conceptual approach, 7th edition. Editorial Medica Panamericana. Madrid 2006.

JL Perez Arellano. SISINIO DE CASTRO. Manual of General Pathology, 6th edition. Editorial Elsevier. Barcelona 2006

Klaus Wolff, Richard Allen Johnson. Fitzpatrick: Color Atlas and Synopsis of Clinical Dermatology. 6th edition. Editorial Medica Panamericana 2011

Ferrándiz C. Clinical dermatology. 3ª ed. Editorial Elsevier. Barcelona 2009

Gerard J. Tortora & Bryan H. Derrickson. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 11th edition. Editorial Médica Panamericana. Madrid 2011.

John. E Hall. GUYTON & HALL. Treatise on Medical Physiology, 12th edition. Editorial Elsevier. Barcelona 2011

Frank H Netter. Atlas of Human Anatomy 5th edition. Editorial ELSEVIER MASSONBarcelona 2011

Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case. Introduction to microbiology, 9th edition. Editorial Médica Panamericana. Madrid 2007

Medline-PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez

The Cochrane Collaboration: http://www.cochrane.org/

UpToDate: http://www.uptodate.com/index

Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology: http://www.seimc.org/

World Health Organization (WHO): http://www.who.int/es/

Center for Disease Control (CDC): http://www.cdc.gov/

European Medicines Agency (EMEA): http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=/pages/home/Home_Page.jsp&jsenable d = true

US Food and Drug Administration (FDA): http://www.fda.gov/

UNAIDS: http://www.unaids.org/

The Electronic Textbook of Dermatology: http://telemedicine.org/stamford.htm

Dermatology Image Bank at the University of Utah School of Medicine: http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/kw/derm/