104124 - LIGHTING

Subject type: Mandatory

Coordinator: Maddalena Fedele

Trimester: Second term

Credits: 4

The subject is aimed at raising awareness in lighting, in the use of light in order to make more elaborate or constructed images. It is carried out during the first year of the Degree in Audiovisual Media so that, subsequently, the student has a previous training that allows him to use the photographic and film tools with more knowledge, with the basic resource of light and lighting. lighting as a structuring element.

It has theoretical and practical content, with history and analysis being the transversal tools used during the teaching of this subject.

At the end of the course the student must be able to:

• Use the physical properties of light in a practical way. Know how the eye works.
• Know how to analyze the lighting of any image and be aware of the lighting of any image medium, from painting, photography and moving image.
• Apply the basic principles of lighting and the basic lighting scheme, creating environments with both a small set of three spotlights and on the set of the University.
• Know how to use filters well, and know how to interpret the information of manufacturers.
• To know, in a basic way, the historical evolution of the use of artificial lighting in cinema, shows and art.
• Provide, through lighting, an important added value to the images you make.

• The training is structured in five levels: Reportage, documentary, set, fiction, creation.
• Each level has theoretical, technical, historical and analytical contents. The contents are reflected in the teacher's notes and developed in the theoretical classes.
• At each level a certain amount of time will be devoted to image analysis, where student participation will be requested. Some studies or analyzes will be completed by each student as autonomous learning.
• The manipulation of the material by all students will be done in the practical classes.
• Course information is provided by class attendance, notes and practices.
• Any indication of plagiarism, or copying of text not referenced in the work entails its disqualification.

TOPIC 1: The eye and the light. Lighting: History and principles. / The report.

• History of lighting in cinema. Home.
• Physical properties of light and physiology of the eye.
• Principles of lighting I: Light quality.

TOPIC 2: Light in documentaries and portrait painting.

• Principles of lighting II: Quantity and direction of light.
• Basic lighting scheme.
• Material for outdoor shooting. Focus, tripod, basic filters.
• Electricity, basic units. Measures.

Awareness of representations in images: The portrait in painting. Analysis of documentary interviews.

TOPIC 3: Light color temperature

• Light color temperature. Cultural temporality by the tones of light.
• Lighting on set. Set material. Lighting accessories.
• Types of illuminants. Fresnels. HMI. Arcs. Cold light screens.
• Introduction to illuminant manufacturers' manuals, interpretation.

Awareness of representations in images. Analysis of set images (news, interview programs). The use of light color temperature in series and movies.

TOPIC 4: Light filtering. The colour.

• Color filters. Color: Primary and secondary.
• Introduction to the psychology of color.
• Light units of measurement. Candles and luxury. Conversions

Analysis of music videos. Introduction to colored lights in cinema.

TOPIC 5: Lighting in fiction and shows

1. The figure of the director of photography. Historical evolution. 
2. Relevant films in the evolution of lighting in cinema.
3.  Functions in the lighting equipment.
4.  Theatrical lighting. Case studies.
5.  Introduction to spectacular lighting.

Awareness of representations in images. Analysis of fragments of films by great directors where fire appears.

• Internships are mandatory. List will be passed.
• Activities 1-5, correspond to the practices taught by the teacher.
• Activities 6 to 8 correspond to students' autonomous work, which can be scored according to statements, to be carried out either individually or in small groups.

Activity 1 

• Practice 1 Exteriors:
• Sunlight. Direct and reflected. Use of light reflection tools.
• Making portraits outside, with sunlight. Work on the intensity and direction of light.
• Students make portrait images by working with sunlight with basic tools.

Activity 2

• Practice 2 .Plato. Practice of lighting in small equipment trying to reproduce the illuminations analyzed in the paintings and documentaries of the theoretical class.
• Working with lighting suitcases for documentary.

Activity 3

• Practice 3. Plato. Group lighting. Light up an interview.
• Know how to use correctly the material to illuminate the set of the Tecnocampus.
• Work with backlights and silhouettes.
• Introduction to chroma key.

Activity 4

• Practice 4. Plato. Focus filters. Put color in the shadows. RGB-CMYK.
• Understand the relationship between color values ​​and black and white light values.
• Still lifes.
• Illuminate people and situations with color filters.

Activity 5

• Practice 5 .Plato. Lighting in fiction.
• Know how to use the set material in the service of a fictional narrative, realistic or not.

Activity 6. Scoreable

• Set of two group works, according to statements that will be provided at the beginning of the course, where students will have to apply the knowledge acquired in the theoretical and practical sessions.
• Each work consists of a group of photographs and a PDF deliverable via moodle.
• (Value of the 2 works: 20% of the final grade)
•  

Activity 7. Scoring.

• Research project
• Do a research on a topic related to light and lighting, proposed by the teacher. Proposals made by students will be accepted.
• Written work deliverable via moodle, done in groups.
• (value: 15% of the final grade)

Activity 8. Scoreable.

• Final Work
• Apply in a short audiovisual work different lighting elements learned during the course.
• Deliver a video, according to the teacher's specifications. The statement will be made during the course. (15% of the final grade)

Rules for carrying out the activities

• It is important how the material used in the practices is treated and stored.
• Punctuality, presentation, clarity and creativity in the works will be valued.
• The initiative and decision-making capacity of the students will be taken into account and valued.

In order to pass the subject, it is necessary to pass both parts: the practical (50%) and the theoretical (50%).

Valuation in percentages on the final note:

Exams. 50%  (30% test type exam + 20% analysis exam). Both are held on the same day.

• The student must pass the exam with a 5 out of 10, to weigh with the marks of the practical works. In case of not reaching this mark in the exam, the student will have to take the resit exam.

Practical work: 50% Distribute as follows: 

• Exercises 20%. 2 of 10% of the grade
• Research work: 15%. of the final grade
• Final video work: 15% of the final grade

The specific statements of the practical works will be provided at the beginning of the course allowing the student complementary explanations, if necessary. 

Casanovas, Cristòfol. 2016. “Teacher's Notes”. They will be delivered as the agenda progresses. Mataró.

Brown, Blain 1998. ” Lighting for film and television. Author-Editor.

Revault D'Allonnes, Fabrice. 2008. ” The light in the cinema. ”Chair.

Moreno, J Carlos / Linares, Cesar. Lighting (Stage lighting notebooks). 6.Ed Ñaque, ISBN ISBN 84-89987-07-

               Millerson, Gerald. 1994 "Lighting for video and film." IORTV.

 Dennis Shaeffer / Larry Salvato. 1992. "Masters of Light. Conversations with Directors of Photography." PLOT.

Almonds, Nestor. 1983 "Days of a Camera". Seix Barral.

Carlos F. Heredero. 1994. “The language of light. Interviews with Spanish film directors ”Alcalá de Henares University.

 Tanizaki, Junichiro.2011 “Praise of the Shadow”. Siruela.

Loiseleux, Jacques. 2005. “La luz en el cine” .Paidós.